Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co (TSMC) officially opened Japan's most advanced wafer fab in Kumamoto on Saturday, Taiwan media outlets reported. 

However, the plant, which has been long anticipated by politicians on the island of Taiwan and in Japan, may find it hard to bring the expected economic benefits to its parent company.

Many believe the plant's political significance outweighs its economic role.  Lai Ching-te, who recently won the regional election, expressed gratitude to Tokyo last week for Japan's "strong support" in realizing the fab's swift construction, the Japan Times reported. As TSMC earlier this month unveiled its plan to build a second Japanese factory, Lai said the development is believed to be "of great significance to future industrial cooperation" between Taiwan island and Japan, according to the report.

It is easy to make one think of TSMC's investment in the US, which has been subject to controversy in the island of Taiwan, with some local analysts warning about a talent and technology outflow, as well as a hollowing-out of Taiwan's chip industry. However, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) authorities, which see the island's semiconductor sector as a bargaining chip for political gains, have shown no hesitancy in selling out Taiwan's semiconductor industry to the US, and now its ally Japan, to use it as a tool to fawn on Washington. 

The wafer fab in Kumamoto is expected to kick off commercial production in the fourth quarter of this year, using the mature 12-nanometer, 16-nanometer, 22-nanometer and 28-nanometer processes. Although the Japanese government has reportedly offered certain subsidies to TSMC, the company has to face a challenge: the manufacturing cost of semiconductor in Japan is much higher than that in the island of Taiwan.

TSMC has for decades concentrated its operations in Taiwan, where it enjoys strong support from the island's mature supply chains that helps the company maintain relatively low manufacturing costs even as it pursues cutting-edge technology. From the economic perspective, Japan's high manufacturing costs make it not necessarily a suitable investment destination to develop.

In particular, TSMC's investment could spur more competition for talent. Some media outlets reported that TSMC offered starting salaries of 280,000 yen ($1863) per month to university graduates in 2022, 40 percent higher than the local average of around 200,000 yen. TSMC's "competitive" pay may further increase its production costs.

Semiconductor orders from Japan's auto industry are perhaps an important factor contributing to TSMC's investment decision. TSMC announced plans in 2021 to build a chip plant in Kumamoto, at a time when the auto industries had been hammered by COVID-19 disruptions and unprecedented chip shortages. However, now, the situation has changed a lot. The COVID-19-induced semiconductor shortage is over, and the industry has now been left with a surplus of chips. Some Japanese domestic chip manufacturers are already having a hard time curbing overcapacity. It will not be easy for TSMC to reap expected benefits from the Japanese market.

Japan and the US will be the biggest beneficiaries of TSMC's investment. The Japanese government has made rebuilding the country's chip industry a key part of its industrial policy, and against such a backdrop, TSMC may face increasing pressure to move more operations and its most advanced technology to Japan. According to media reports, TSMC is already considering a third Japanese factory using the advanced 3-nanometer tech.

Efforts of the US and its allies to win investment from TSMC may have an impact on the semiconductor maker and Taiwan's chip industry. Lai may regard TSMC's investment as something to boast about, but people should realize that it is precisely DPP's economic policies that are harming Taiwan's chip supply chain.

The US' plan to invest billions in domestic manufacturing of cargo cranes to replace ones made in China due to so-called potential "national security risks" is absurd and unlikely to succeed, experts said.

The Wall Street Journal reported on Wednesday that the administration of President Joe Biden plans to invest billions in the domestic manufacturing of cargo cranes used at US ports. The administration aims to replace the China-built cranes, which it claims contain advanced software that poses a so-called potential national security risk.

Administration officials said more than $20 billion would be invested in port security, including domestic cargo-crane production, over the next five years. The money, tapped from the $1 trillion bipartisan infrastructure bill passed in 2021, would support a US subsidiary of Mitsui, a Japanese company, to produce the cranes. Officials said it would be the first time in 30 years that the cranes would be built domestically, according to the report.

Chinese authorities have firmly rejected the frequent "China threat" hype from the US.

Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin told a press conference in January that some US politicians have been blowing up the "China threat" bubble, while exposing their real aim of suppressing China's development in the name of national security.

Two US Congress committees are currently looking into Swiss engineering group ABB's operations in China, particularly regarding the installation of ABB equipment by Chinese firm Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries (ZPMC) on ship-to-shore cranes that are bound for the US.

Some national security and Pentagon officials have compared ship-to-shore cranes made by ZPMC to a Trojan horse, claiming that they contain sophisticated sensors that can register and track the provenance and destination of containers, the Wall Street Journal reported in March 2023.

For some US politicians, anything advanced from China can be a "threat" and must be stopped by all means. This is sheer bullying and hegemonism, Wang said.

"The true aim of the US is to exclude Chinese manufacturing from its entire supply chain system, to hinder China's industrialization process and prevent Chinese modernization," Tian Yun, a veteran economist based in Beijing, told the Global Times on Thursday.

The goal is to further strike at China in terms of trade and economic cooperation, Tian said.

The claim from US politicians is absurd, as the crane itself operates on simple mechanical principles, He Weiwen, a senior fellow from the Center for China and Globalization, told the Global Times on Thursday. It is ridiculous to rely on guesswork to determine the security of ordinary trade, He added.

He also noted that Biden's domestic manufacturing replacement plan is unlikely to succeed.

"In the 1990s, many US ports had ZPMC cranes, which were seen as cost-effective. Domestic production would be costly and would rely heavily on federal subsidies. Now, the US government struggles to even subsidize chip production, let alone cranes," he said.

According to senior administration officials, 80 percent of ship-to-shore cranes moving trade at US ports were manufactured in China, CNBC reported.

"If the US insists on generalizing national security, it will eventually have to produce everything itself, even toys," He said.

China is striving to complete negotiations on version 3.0 of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area (FTA) in 2024 amid a "rich agenda" for FTA negotiations in a bid to further advance high-standard opening-up, Chinese vice minister of commerce Wang Shouwen told a press conference on Friday. 

China's active engagement in FTA talks reflects China's commitment to deepening economic cooperation and integration and will have a positive impact on both China and the world economy by promoting trade, investment, and regional economic integration, experts said.

The talks on version 3.0 of the China-ASEAN FTA are scheduled to take place in Hangzhou, East China's Zhejiang Province, next week, Wang said.

Additionally, China will also complete FTA negotiations with Honduras, complete FTA upgrade negotiations with Peru and continue to promote the joining of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA) this year, Wang said.

In November 2022, China and ASEAN jointly announced the official launch of the negotiations. The two sides agreed that the negotiations will cover fields including trade in goods, investment, and digital and green economy, so as to build a more inclusive, modern, comprehensive, and mutually beneficial China-ASEAN FTA.

"The upgrade of the China-ASEAN FTA caters to the mutual development needs of both China and ASEAN, and will contribute to further enhancing the bilateral trade volume," Zhou Shixin, a research fellow at Shanghai Institutes for International Studies, told the Global Times on Friday.

Bilateral trade between China and ASEAN reached 6.41 trillion yuan ($900 billion) in 2023, with ASEAN maintaining its position as China's largest trading partner for the fourth consecutive year. China has continued to be ASEAN's largest trading partner for multiple years.

Additionally, the upgrade of the China-ASEAN FTA is expected to drive the upgrades of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and lay a good foundation for China's joining of CPTPP and DEPA, Zhou said.

Wang believes China now has more mature conditionsfor joining the CPTPP, as it has been consistently making efforts to promote deep exchanges with CPTPP members and enhance pilot projects and experiments within its domestic free trade zones, aligning with high-level international standards. 

"We have full confidence and the capability of meeting the high standards set by the CPTPP," Wang said.

China will also continue to engage in free trade negotiations or upgrade negotiations with the Gulf Cooperation Council, New Zealand, South Korea, and Switzerland to further implement the high-standard free trade zone network, Wang added.

High-standard economic and trade rules, as well as new content such as the lifting of the zero tariff ratio for goods traded, the promotion of telecommunications and healthcare services opening-up, and the expansion of market access for digital products will be included in the new free trade negotiations, Wang said.

"The proactive moves demonstrate China's commitment to further opening its doors and injecting new vitality into the regional economy amid the slowdown in global economic recovery," Zhou said.

2024 is indeed a pivotal year for the enhancement of free trade agreements. China's increasing domestic competitiveness, coupled with the opportunities of the digital and green era, as well as the "decoupling" and supply chain disruptions imposed by the US and the West, call for renewed efforts to upgrade free trade agreements, Wang Yiwei, director of the Institute of International Affairs at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.

"It will not only drive China's economic growth but also contribute to open and inclusive economic globalization," Wang Yiwei added.

2023 saw the RCEP come into full effect and was a fruitful year for China to expand free trade agreements with other partners. 

"In 2023, we signed four new free trade agreements. As of today, we have signed 22 free trade agreements with 29 countries and regions, and trade with those countries and regions accounted for approximately one-third of China's total foreign trade volume," Wang said.

Chinese enterprises enjoyed import duty reductions of 2.36 billion yuan under the RCEP last year. At the same time, import enterprises from RCEP partner countries benefited from preferential treatment worth 4.05 billion yuan when importing products from China, which is a clear and mutually beneficial outcome for both sides, Wang said.

China-Switzerland cooperation has bright prospects and China's visa-free policy for Switzerland will facilitate bilateral economic ties, said Felix Sutter, president of the Swiss-Chinese Chamber of Commerce (SCCC).

China's visa-free policy has been hailed by Swiss business communities. It allows Swiss entrepreneurs and professionals to serve the Chinese economy and clients in China better and faster, and it also reduces costs, Sutter said in a written interview with the Global Times. He noted that the visa-free policy shortens the lead time for travel to China and allows flexible itineraries.

"For example, during a planned visit to Southeast Asia, a businessperson can change travel plans at short notice and enter China without going through the visa application process," said Sutter.

China will apply a unilateral visa-free policy for Switzerland, and the Swiss side will provide more visa facilitation measures for Chinese citizens as well as Chinese enterprises investing in Switzerland, the two countries announced on January 15, 2024, according to the Xinhua News Agency.

In addition, China and Switzerland also announced on January 15 the completion of a joint feasibility study on upgrading their bilateral free trade agreement (FTA), an important stride toward negotiations and deeper economic cooperation.

The FTA was signed on July 6, 2013 and entered into force on July 1, 2014 after being ratified by both countries.

Sutter said that the FTA is considered a success, as it is the only FTA that China has signed with a continental European country.

The SCCC has been focusing on restarting economic communication between Switzerland and China in the past year.

"Since December 2022, the SCCC has hosted numerous government and business delegations from China to Switzerland. Facilitating interactions between Swiss and Chinese organizations, companies and entrepreneurs served to reopen dialogue and identify business opportunities and challenges," said Sutter.

The year 2025 marks the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and Switzerland, and analysts said that the two countries will embrace more cooperation opportunities.

"With more than 1,000 Swiss companies operating in China, we see potential for more Chinese companies to set up operations to serve their European customer base and understand the needs of the European market," said Sutter. He added that industries with opportunities for increased cooperation between China and Switzerland include life sciences, renewable energy, cleantech, precision engineering and education.

Despite multiple sources of global headwinds including geopolitical tensions and a sluggish economic recovery, Sutter pointed out that Switzerland and China need to address issues including climate change, where the two countries can work together to find innovative and affordable solutions.

Four home-made C919 aircraft from China Eastern Airlines will serve the upcoming Chinese Lunar New Year, as the 40-day travel peak which starts on Friday, China Eastern said on Wednesday. 

The four planes will fly the routes between Beijing and Shanghai, Shanghai and Chengdu in Southwest China's Sichuan Province. 

China Eastern welcomed its fourth C919 plane on January 2, which started flights from Beijing to Shanghai.

On May 28, 2023, China Eastern operated the maiden flight of the C919 and the plane has been flying the route from Shanghai and Chengdu.

China Eastern said in January that its C919 fleet has carried out 655 commercial flights, transporting a total of nearly 82,000 passengers since its maiden flight.

The fleet size for the coming travel rush is part of the plan that China Eastern has planned for the upcoming Chinese Lunar New Year travel rush. The carrier will fly 3,280 flights per day during the travel peak, a growth of 42 percent year on year.

Air China said on Tuesday that it plans to arrange 67,691 flights during the 40-day travel peak with an average of 1,693 flights per day, increasing by 32 percent compared with 2019, and rising 40.6 percent compared with 2023.

China is expected to record 9 billion passenger trips during the annual Spring Festival travel rush, the Ministry of Transport said last week. 

The Civil Aviation Administration of China predicted that the total number of passengers via air could hit 80 million in the 40-day travel rush or 2million per day on average, expecting to hit a record.

There has been a lot of discussion about the rise or fall of China-US trade, but less attention has been paid to another important participant in global industry chains - Southeast Asia. A Bloomberg article said Monday that for the first time, China exported more to Southeast Asia in 2023 than to the US. If Bloomberg's report is true, the news can be seen as a new milestone for the realignment of global trade.

Chinese customs data showed that ASEAN emerged as China's largest export market in 2023, with an annual value reaching $523.7 billion. The US, which held the top spot in 2022, slid to third place in 2023 with $500.3 billion, down 13.1 percent from the previous year.

The realignment of global trade is the result of many factors, such as rising US trade protectionism, unilateral and anti-market suppression and economic bullying, which are threatening not only China but also the global economy. 

In a world undergoing drastic changes, both challenges and opportunities exist. Washington has been trying to squeeze China out of global supply chains through a series of approaches in the name of "de-risking," but trade data suggest things are going in the opposite direction of what people expected. China has integrated deeper into global supply chains, established an open and cooperative system, and further opened up its manufacturing sector to counter combined challenges. 

Research by economists showed that goods that were supposed to be processed in China and exported to the US are now subject to increasingly complex delivery routes: China now exports more high value-added intermediate products to Southeast Asia, India, Mexico and other countries for final assembly, and then re-exports them to the US. 

In the past, China imported core components and assembled them into final products for export. The volume was relatively high but the profits made by assembly lines were limited. Now, China has made itself an important exporter of intermediate products. China's exports to the US have declined, but as China's companies move up the industry value chain, they can earn more money.

In recent years, some manufacturers have been shifting parts of their assembly lines out of China to Southeast Asia and other regions, but they still import intermediate products from China. This fosters closer industry chain cooperation between China and those countries.

As for Southeast Asia and other regions, more imports mean more trade deficits. However, taking a closer look at their foreign trade structures, a noteworthy part is intermediate products. It brings opportunities for industrialization, rather than substitutes for manufacturing products in the local market.

However, some people in countries especially India hold a negative attitude toward Chinese-made products and trade deficits with China. With a zero-sum mentality, they may miss out on the opportunities created by supply chain restructuring. China and those countries enjoy strong complementarity in strengthening economic cooperation. We should seize the opportunity.

Although ASEAN has reportedly surpassed the US as China's largest export market, the US, at least in the short term, remains an important final consumer market, as some of China's exports to Southeast Asia will eventually be re-exported to the US. This reality reminds China and its trade partners to diversify their markets.

Amid a decline in external demand, companies doing businesses in China are focusing more on Chinese domestic consumer markets. Chinese authorities in 2023 issued 20 measures to boost domestic consumption, including support for expanding real estate and auto sales, underscoring the country's intensifying efforts to ensure a steady economic recovery. 

China has made itself an important final consumer market in the world. This will promote industry chain cooperation between China and Southeast Asia from another perspective.

On January 13, the "ANNUAL REPORT ON HENAN'S ENERGY DEVELOPMENT (2024)" (2024 BLUE BOOK OF HENAN'S ENERGY), jointly compiled by State Grid Henan Economic Research Institute and Henan Academy of Social Sciences, was officially released. The book is the eighth annual report of the Blue Book series, with a total of 22 special reports on "Accelerating the Construction of New Type Energy System".

On the basis of maintaining the traditional sections of "Industry Development, Investigation and Analysis" in previous years, the 2024 Blue Book focuses on the implementation of the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference and the National Energy Work Conference, and launches two characteristic sections: first, based on the mission of the industry, launches the new type energy system chapter, carrying out in-depth and systematic research and thinking on the construction of new type energy system, rural clean energy, pricing of energy big data products, carbon emission monitoring, and putting forward suggestions on accelerating the construction of new type energy system for long-term development of Henan energy. Second, focused on major deployment, launches the new type power system chapter, carrying out in-depth and systematic research on rural modern smart distribution network, new energy storage, electric vehicle charging facilities and flood control and disaster resistance capacity construction, and providing reasonable suggestions for the construction of the new type power system in Henan province.

The Blue Book, points out that in 2023, the provincial energy industry deeply implements the decisions and deployments of the CPC Central Committee and provincial government, Coordinates high-quality development and high-level security, realizes the "double improvement, double stability" of energy supply security and clean transformation, providing a strong energy guarantee for Chinese modernization in Henan practice. On energy security, through steady increase of coal production, full power production, and stable oil and gas production, the energy security capacity is continuously improved. Preliminary statistics show that the total energy production of the province in 2023 is about 110 million tons of standard coal. On transformation, the proportion of coal power installed capacity decreased to less than 50%, and the installed capacity of renewable energy power generation exceeded 67 million kW, surpassing coal power. The power generation of renewable energy reached nearly 100 billion KWH, up 21% year on year, accounting for about a quarter of the proportion of the total social electricity consumption. The year 2024 is a breakthrough year for the "Ten strategies" of Henan Province. Preliminary judgment shows that energy consumption in the province will steadily improve and grow steadily, and the overall energy supply and demand will remain stable and orderly.(Wang Dan, Deng Fangzhao)

China's economy ended 2023 on a positive note, recording a year-on-year GDP growth of 5.2 percent and surpassing the set target. 

In December, with the effective implementation of various macroeconomic policies, the national economy maintained the stable recovery momentum, with most indicators rebounding or stabilizing, excluding the real estate sector.

Looking back to the quarterly performance, the first quarter growth surpassed expectations, marking a strong start. The second quarter witnessed a rebound in year-on-year growth, although there was a slight slowdown on a quarterly basis. In the second half of the year, policies were implemented with a concentrated effort to accelerate economic recovery.

The recovery for the whole year is characterized by varied levels of progress sometimes featuring twists and turns. It is not easy to maintain recovery momentum and achieve annual goals in the face of intensified external pressures and internal difficulties.

From an external perspective, the momentum of global economic recovery gradually slowed down in the fourth quarter. Developed countries such as the US, Europe, and the UK have essentially halted interest rate hikes but maintained relatively high interest rate levels. China still faces a complex and challenging external environment. In terms of US dollars, China's exports in the fourth quarter dropped by 1.3 percent year-on-year, indicating that external demand continues to be a drag on the growth.

From an internal perspective, the foundation of domestic demand in China has been further strengthened. Since the fourth quarter, China has continued to implement a comprehensive package of macroeconomic counter-cyclical policies, with increased fiscal support. 

Overall, household consumption is experiencing a weak recovery, but the foundation still needs to be consolidated. From January to December, fixed asset investment increased by 3.0 percent year-on-year, and retail sales of consumer goods increased by 7.2 percent year-on-year. Investment and consumption are important pillars supporting economic stabilization.

From a production perspective, year-on-year growth of industrial production rebounded in December, while two-year average growth has declined. The structure of industrial production continues to optimize, while the production of the service industry weakened year-on-year due to the high base effect. However, the two-year average growth of the service industry has strengthened.

From a consumption perspective, the year-on-year growth rate of retail sales of consumer goods in December declined due to the high base effect, but the month-on-month and two-year average growth rates have both rebounded. Overall, current household consumption is showing a weak recovery trend, and both household income and consumption willingness need to be boosted.

From an investment perspective, infrastructure investment and manufacturing investment have performed well, continuing to play a role in supporting economic growth. However, the real estate market is still in a phase of fluctuation and bottom-finding, with various indicators showing marginal decline. Private investment, excluding real estate development investment, is higher than the overall investment growth rate.

After the Central Economic Work Conference, government ministries and commissions have successively held their annual work conferences to implement the measures mapped out in the economic work conference and structure their work for the year. 

Local governments have also launched numerous projects at the beginning of the year to promote a good start for the economic work in 2024. The main focus of China's economic work in 2024 is to "consolidate the foundation and foster innovation." It is expected that the official target for economic growth will remain around 5 percent, and policy efforts will be increased accordingly to effectively address deflation expectations and push the actual growth rate closer to the potential growth level.

A presentation of the book Biography of Samarkand – One Hundred Cities on the Silk Road was successfully held at the Embassy of Uzbekistan in Beijing on Monday.

The book was written by 11 Uzbek scientists. It vividly elaborates on the history of the ancient city of Samarkand, known as the pearl of the Silk Road. It describes in historical chronological order the thousand-year history from the origins of the city to the present day. The book also talks about the historical connection and cooperation between Samarkand and China and the Silk Road.

With fruitful exchanges, the event was attended by Ambassador of Uzbekistan to China Farhod Arziev, Vice President of the China Foreign Language Publishing Administration Yu Tao, President of the New Star publishing house Ma Rujun, Deputy Secretary General of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Sohail Khan, and founder and Secretary General of the Beijing Club for International Dialogue Han Hua.

In 2013, when Chinese President Xi Jinping visited Uzbekistan, he praised the historical heritage of Samarkand and its representation of the country’s ethnicity and culture, Shavkat Miromonovich Mirziyoyev, President of Uzbekistan, wrote in the book’s preface. 

Mirziyoyev also underscored the significance of the book, which will boost relations between China and Uzbekistan and improve cultural exchanges for both countries.

Mirziyoyev’s sentiments were echoed by Yu. “This book can connect the two countries and boost friendly relations,” he said at the event. 

In September 2022, Samarkand was the venue for a meeting of the Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), and in October 2023, the 25th session of the General Assembly of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) also convened in Samarkand. Today, Samarkand has become a venue for major internationally significant events.

Launched in 2022, the book was supported by the Chinese Administration for Publication and Distribution of Literature in Foreign Languages and the New Star Publishing House.

This year marks the 45th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the US. Manuel C. Menendez, founder and CEO of MCM Group Holdings, was one of the earliest American businessmen to come to China. He facilitated the establishment of the first China-America joint venture. 

Over the last 45 years, Menendez has experienced the ups and downs of China-US relations and the expanding economic and trade cooperation between the two countries. Currently, the development of China-US relations is at a critical juncture. Regarding the future direction of China-US relations and how the two countries can strengthen cooperation, Global Times reporters Xie Wenting and Zhao Juecheng (GT) recently interviewed Menendez to gain his perspective on these and more pertinent questions.  

GT: On November 15, 2023, Chinese President Xi Jinping and US President Joe Biden held a meeting at the Filoli Estate in San Francisco, US. How do you view the significance of the meeting and its impact? 

Menendez: Without engagement and contact, misunderstandings can arise, leading to misjudgments and trouble for everyone involved. That is why the only way to avoid this is to continue the momentum we have now, especially with President Biden and President Xi meeting together. I am extremely excited and pleased that the two presidents were able to meet. I believe we are now on a better platform for stability. Stability is important. 

We had a number of very senior officials who came to China in 2023, including Secretary of State Antony Blinken, Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen, Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo, and Senator Chuck Schumer who led a delegation of both Republican and Democratic senators. I think the buildup of the number of high-level meetings is critical at this important stage of US-China relations. It sounds simple, but the most important thing is continued talking, continued engagement, and finding common ground. That is because, in reality, on most things, there is a lot of common ground on which we share common views, whether it's climate change, health issues, or coordinating efforts for natural disasters. I believe these actions are very important for the two largest economies in the world.

But the engagement on what are red-line issues or sensitive issues takes time to roll up your sleeves and have a clear understanding. This applies not only to China and the US but to any country that has sensitive issues that need to be discussed. The most important thing about discussing these more sensitive or national security issues is to spend the time to talk about them on a granular level so that there are no misunderstandings. 

In terms of business, the business community always appreciates predictability and stability. I am glad that we are currently on this trajectory.

GT: What are your expectations for China-US relations in 2024?

Menendez: We have to keep it stable, so my hope and wish for the New Year is increased contact and stability. 

Will there be significant improvements? I think it will be challenging in 2024. As we enter the presidential season in the US, China will inevitably be part of the discussion. However, it is important to remember that political rhetoric does not always reflect reality.

The reality can be different from what is portrayed in the media and political rhetoric. The reality is that the two countries have done an unbelievably wonderful job over the last 45 years. There have been many companies from the US, in particular, those have entered the Chinese market and have done very well. And Chinese companies that have gone to the US have done a marvelous job there. So, there are a lot of actual benefits that have been witnessed when the number one and the number two economies of the world work together, because it not only helps the US and China, but also helped the world by uplifting the global economy when we work together.

So, I think that there are so many success stories versus the negatives of the not successful stories. There are more successes than failures in these countries, especially because of the US-China trade. 

China still remains the main anchor because there is one very important characteristic about China that should never be misunderstood: China is not only a world factory, but also a world market. This is due to the emergence of the middle class in China during my lifetime, which is driving consumption. Therefore, the growth of consumption in China is also what drives the US. The US is a consumer-driven country with a strong middle class, and the same phenomenon has occurred in China. 

My expectation in the bilateral relations is for better stability and predictability. After 2024, I am very optimistic that the world economy will adjust, as conflicts in certain regions, which I am praying, will be resolved, come to an end. This will allow us a return to a more normalized situation and enhanced relations in 2025.

GT: What efforts can be made to avoid "gray rhino" events in China-US relations in the coming year? 

Menendez: I believe that moving forward, it is crucial for us to gain a better understanding of the world we live in today. The world is a little bit different from how it was 40 years ago, with lots of geopolitical dynamics shifting. 

If you look at the global economy, the combined GDP of China and the US alone accounts for approximately 45 percent of the world's GDP, which is amazing for just two countries. Therefore, we must not only focus on the development of our own nations but also recognize our greater role and responsibility in ensuring that we address global issues correctly.

We have to find a way that makes both countries comfortable, ensures their voices and concerns are heard, establish a structured approach moving forward, and allows for shared participation on the global platform. Sharing platforms together is a complex issue because it not only requires the consideration of practical, business aspects, but also geopolitical aspects. However, misunderstandings sometimes arise when it comes to geopolitics. 

The only way I know of solving those things is through the continual frequency of discussions, not only at the highest level but also at the operational level of governments.

GT: In your opinion, what is the biggest misunderstanding that some Americans have about China?

Menendez: I think one of the common misunderstandings about China is that China is sometimes portrayed as an aggressive country. I've never felt nor seen that.

When I think of China being aggressive, I don't mean it from any other perspective other than being very aggressive in business. However, all countries are very aggressive in business. We all compete with each other, and with our companies and brands, to gain market share wherever it may be, whether it's a German, French, Italian, or American company. We are always competing aggressively.

But when it comes to aggressively expanding outside of China, I think there is a misconception that China will aggressively go after other regions of the world. I don't think that is the case. In my personal experience, China has adhered more to Confucian thinking of a benevolent society and not seeking to expand its footprint outside of China. If you look at Chinese history over the last 5,000 years, it is not even a part of it. 

Besides, China is known for being extremely friendly, particularly toward foreigners who come to visit. This aligns with the Confucian thinking that says when people come from afar, you should welcome them and be happy. China has consistently upheld this philosophy of welcoming foreigners, and I think that's still the case.

My motto is world trade creates world peace. World peace and world trade go hand in hand because when people work together, they are less likely to engage in conflict. I wish I could take everyone from the US to China so that they could see China. And I wish I could take everyone from China to the US because, at the people-to-people level, the people of both countries are very nice and good people.

The one higher purpose of the relationship we should never undervalue is a strong China and a strong US working together. This collaboration not only creates prosperity in both countries but also fosters prosperity in the world and promotes world peace.

GT: There is a growing voice in the US, calling for the so-called de-coupling or de-risking from China, especially in the high-tech arena. What's your take on it?

Menendez: I think that everything in high tech is not a matter of national security. You have to know where the line is. This is what I mean by engagement and talk. Every chip that is manufactured is not a high security or high national security chip as we use chips in various everyday appliances such as washing machines and cars. Almost every modern appliance, including basic ones, incorporates chips. Hence, as I mentioned before, engaging in dialogue and ensuring a clear understanding of the boundaries between our countries is extremely important.

We need to understand each other's sensitivities and have open discussions while maintaining mutual respect. We may not always agree on everything, but we should at least try to understand the reasons behind our disagreements. This way, we can find solutions to have a path forward.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some companies have identified certain flaws in their product delivery to customers. As a result, companies, particularly in the US, have a responsibility to ensure efficient product delivery. Therefore, they have relocated parts of their supply chain. But I am yet to hear of any big-scale companies that have left the Chinese market. They continue to operate in China. They have partly moved some production, maybe to Vietnam or other parts of the world, and maybe a little bit to India, to enhance the resilience of the supply chain.

But China still remains the main anchor because there is one very important characteristic about China that should never be misunderstood: China is not only a world factory but also a world market. This is due to the emergence of the middle class in China during my lifetime, which is driving consumption. 

GT: The Chinese government recently announced a raft of measures to attract foreign investment. What are your opinions on these measures? What is your advice for China in terms of attracting foreign investment? 

Menendez: China has simplified the process of doing business. I have witnessed numerous improvements over the years. However, one aspect that China needs to address is effectively promoting and informing the world about its policies, so that other countries can understand the benefits. 

Success is the key to promoting more foreign direct investment (FDI), as people are more likely to be motivated when they hear about the positive outcomes resulting from specific policies. Real-life examples are the key to further strengthening FDI and making it even more robust than it currently is.

I think that there are areas that can be improved to make the business climate more conducive for investment. However, this is a process that takes time. Changes need to be made based on the current world and market conditions. I consider it an evolutionary process. 

In the early days, any form of development was acceptable as China aimed to attract foreign investment and build its own economy and infrastructure. The infrastructure development and the largest migration in human history in China have been a miracle. 

One of the great things that China has done, which is positive, is taking people out of absolute poverty. It has been amazing to witness nearly 800 million people coming out of absolute poverty, which is a great achievement. However, that is not the end goal. I always emphasize that getting out of absolute poverty is just the first step. The goal now is to improve people's lives and achieve common prosperity. I think China is working hard toward that. 

As China has risen up to this level, you have to give credit to the Chinese entrepreneurs, the Chinese ability to take a policy, and the ability to make it work step by step.

GT: You played a positive role in China's return to the global market in the late 1970s. You have also witnessed significant changes in the Chinese business market over past decades. In your opinion, what are the current advantages that China has to offer to foreign companies and investors?

Menendez: I think the most obvious change is what I mentioned earlier: China has transitioned from being just a world factory to becoming a world market. It now has a significant consumer population. Therefore, companies that have products and services can also sell them in China. This can be referred to as hitting a home run. The concept of a home run implies that if you can manufacture a product in China, you have a competitive advantage in the global market. This advantage stems from the fact that the best product, offering the best price and quality, ultimately emerges as the winner, not only in China but also worldwide.

Now, wherever it is, China has consistently produced the best products with the highest quality and at the most competitive prices, making them the ultimate winner in many categories. Take Apple, for example, with their iPhones and MacBooks manufactured in Dongguan by Foxconn. These products are then distributed worldwide, contributing to Apple's status as the number one company in terms of market capitalization. China has undoubtedly played a significant role in this achievement.

I think companies should consider the Chinese market as an opportunity to manufacture goods here. This does not necessarily mean shutting down high-level or advanced production in the US, but rather having some production in China to capitalize on the growing Chinese market. 

I believe there is plenty more room to grow in China. There are still hundreds of millions of people who have yet to move from their current position to the middle class. So, I think there is ample opportunity, what we call runway, in China. However, it is important to have knowledge about the market; where to enter and who to partner with. I like the philosophy of working in China with partners. I like Chinese partners, as they know their market and economy. It is always good to share in the economic equation. When both the China and US work together, both sides win and can achieve mutual success. If we are economically tied together, I believe it is a very powerful formula moving forward.

China witnessed the establishment of more than 48,000 new foreign enterprises from January to November 2023, which serves as one of the parameters indicating confidence in the Chinese market.